Q: Which equation correctly represents Fick's Law of Diffusion for the rate of diffusion $$J$$ across a membrane?

$$J = D \times A \times \frac{\Delta C}{d}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a hypothesis and a prediction in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable statement about the natural world, while a prediction is a specific outcome expected if the hypothesis is true.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the four characteristics shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Question 3

A researcher is testing the effect of a new drug on blood pressure. The control group receives a placebo, while the experimental group receives the drug. Which is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The group assignment (drug or placebo)

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents Fick's Law of Diffusion for the rate of diffusion $$J$$ across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$J = D 	imes A 	imes \frac{\Delta C}{d}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why microvilli are important in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.

Question 6

Which statement about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It requires a carrier protein and moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 7

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. What will happen to the cell due to osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of tight junctions in epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the passage of materials between adjacent cells.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the Na$$^+/K$^+-$$ATPase in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It creates an ion gradient by pumping Na$$^+$$ out and K$$^+$$ into the cell using ATP.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a property of a polar functional group?

Accepted Answer

It is hydrophobic.

Question 12

In Miller's experiment simulating early Earth conditions, what was the main purpose of the electric spark?

Accepted Answer

To simulate lightning and provide energy for chemical reactions.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of peristalsis in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Waves of muscle contractions that move food along the alimentary canal.

Question 14

Which of the following molecules is most likely to cross a cell membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 15

A scientist wants to increase the rate of diffusion of a molecule across a membrane. According to Fick's Law, which change would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

Increase the surface area of the membrane.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of Na$$^+$$ ions out of the cell via Na$$^+/K$^+-$$ATPase using ATP.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of aquaporins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the rapid transport of water molecules across the membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about experimental design is correct?

Accepted Answer

A well-designed experiment includes both independent and dependent variables and controls for confounding factors.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the absorption of nutrients in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine due to its large surface area.

General Biology Exam 1 Study Guide: Scientific Method, Digestion, Membranes, and Cells

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