Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the movement of substances between cells, maintaining distinct compartments.

Question 2

Which organ is primarily responsible for secreting enzymes that chemically digest broccoli during a meal?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Question 3

Forest and prairie populations of mice look different because:

Accepted Answer

They are genetically different, resulting in distinct traits.

Question 4

After crossing forest mice with prairie mice for three generations, the scientists measured tail length and foot length. The data showed that forest mice had longer tails and feet than prairie mice. What inference is supported by this result?

Accepted Answer

A direct genetic difference exists between forest and prairie mice.

Question 5

A patient takes a medication that is absorbed in the small intestine. If peristalsis in the gut is increased, what will happen to the amount of medication absorbed?

Accepted Answer

Absorption will decrease because there is less time for diffusion to occur.

Question 6

By what process will monomers released by digestion of plain crackers be absorbed into the intestinal epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion via a carrier protein

Question 7

Which component of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?

Accepted Answer

The phosphate head

Question 8

You prepare a solution containing 135 mM NaCl, 15 mM KCl, and 50 mM glucose to preserve giraffe red blood cells. What is the osmolarity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$300\ \mathrm{mOsm}$$

Question 9

Will red blood cells (RBCs) change volume when placed in the preservative solution described above? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

No, because the solution is isotonic to the RBCs.

Question 10

Which of the following molecules is a steroid?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 11

Which molecules in the diagram below could be linked by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide?

Accepted Answer

A and B

Question 12

Which of the following characteristics is shared by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A cell membrane

Question 13

Which of the following is a covalent bond that forms the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 14

Which process involves one cell ingesting, then digesting another cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli on the apical membrane of intestinal epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for absorption.

Question 16

Which of the following is a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A molecule containing a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the sodium-potassium pump ($$\mathrm{Na^+/K^+}$$ ATPase) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating passive diffusion of glucose

Question 18

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via a channel or carrier protein.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of active transport in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Glucose absorption in the small intestine via sodium-glucose co-transporter.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the difference between forest and prairie mice is best supported by the experimental data?

Accepted Answer

Forest and prairie mice look different because they are genetically different.

General Biology Exam 1 Study Guide: Cell Structure, Macromolecules, and Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드