Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a hypothesis and a prediction in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for an observation, while a prediction is a specific outcome expected if the hypothesis is correct.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all living things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to move independently

Question 3

A researcher is studying the effect of salt concentration on the rate of osmosis in potato cells. Which is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Salt concentration

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents Fick's Law of Diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 5

Which of the following would increase the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane according to Fick's Law?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the surface area of the membrane

Question 6

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules across a membrane via a transport protein, down their concentration gradient, without energy input

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of microvilli in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 8

Which statement about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of most nutrients

Question 10

A scientist wants to test whether a new drug affects heart rate in mice. She randomly assigns mice to receive either the drug or a placebo and measures their heart rates. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Heart rate of the mice

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of tight junctions in epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the passage of substances between adjacent cells.

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of saturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

They have no double bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They lack a membrane-bound nucleus.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of the Na+-K+ ATPase pump?

Accepted Answer

It creates an ion gradient by moving 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why lipids are not polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are not made of repeating monomer units.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct application of Miller's experiment on the origin of life?

Accepted Answer

It demonstrated that organic molecules could be synthesized from inorganic precursors under early Earth conditions.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about active transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient using energy from ATP.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of carrier proteins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the transport of specific molecules across the membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between experimental results and statistical significance?

Accepted Answer

Statistical significance indicates that the observed results are unlikely to have occurred by chance, based on the p-value.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between a result and an inference in scientific research?

Accepted Answer

A result is a direct observation or measurement, while an inference is a logical interpretation based on the results.

General Biology Exam 1 Study Guide: Scientific Method, Digestion, Membranes, and Cells

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