Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a hypothesis and a prediction in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable statement about the natural world, while a prediction is a specific outcome expected if the hypothesis is true.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the four characteristics shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Question 3

A researcher wants to test the effect of light color on mouse activity. She releases mice into areas with different colored lights and measures their movement. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The color of the light in each area

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents Fick's Law of Diffusion for the rate of diffusion $$J$$ across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$J = D \frac{A (C_1$ - C_2$)}{d}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why microvilli are important in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.

Question 6

Which process requires energy input from the cell and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

A cell is placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will enter the cell by osmosis, causing it to swell.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about phospholipids in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules across a membrane via a transport protein, down their concentration gradient, without energy input.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of tight junctions in epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent leakage of materials between adjacent cells.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about enzymes in digestion is correct?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin breaks down proteins in the stomach.

Question 12

Which of the following molecules is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 13

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Miller-Urey experiment?

Accepted Answer

It demonstrated that organic molecules could form spontaneously under early Earth conditions.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the role of carrier proteins in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the transport of specific molecules across the membrane, sometimes using energy.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of secretin in digestion?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.

Question 18

A scientist measures the rate of glucose absorption in the small intestine and finds it increases when more carrier proteins are present. Which process is most likely responsible for this observation?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of aquaporins in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the rapid movement of water across the membrane.

General Biology Exam 1 Study Guide: Scientific Method, Digestion, Membranes, and Cells

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