Q: A student is asked to calculate the number of neutrons in an atom of sodium ($$^{23}_{11}Na). $$Which equation should they use?

$$\text{Number of neutrons} = \text{Atomic mass} - \text{Number of protons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of evolution as outlined in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

The process of change over time that has resulted in the array of organisms found on Earth.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a population of beetles exposed to a new pesticide develops resistance over several generations. Which concept does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a major theme of life according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Gravity

Question 4

A student is asked to calculate the number of neutrons in an atom of sodium ($$^{23}_{11}Na). $$Which equation should they use?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Number of neutrons} = 	ext{Atomic mass} - 	ext{Number of protons}$$

Question 5

Which property of water allows it to move upward through the stem of a plant against gravity?

Accepted Answer

Adhesion

Question 6

Which of the following statements about pH is correct?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 7 is neutral.

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond is formed when atoms share pairs of valence electrons?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of a controlled experiment?

Accepted Answer

An experiment designed to demonstrate the effect of one variable by using control and experimental groups that differ by only that one variable.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why hydrocarbon chains are hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

Because the bonds are nonpolar

Question 11

A molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ is classified as which type of biological molecule?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 12

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar.

Question 13

Which organelle is responsible for ATP generation and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis: translation of RNA to amino acids

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the path of gene expression for a protein that is exported out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA → mRNA → bound ribosome in Rough ER → protein → transport vesicle → Golgi apparatus → secretory vesicle → cell membrane

Question 16

Which of the following is true about phospholipids in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic phosphate heads and hydrophobic fatty acid tails.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

DNA storage

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of peroxisomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification reactions, especially those involving hydrogen peroxide

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of an isomer?

Accepted Answer

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different covalent arrangements of atoms

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the central dogma of cell biology?

Accepted Answer

Information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins via RNA.

General Biology: Foundational Concepts and Cell Structure

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