Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the hierarchical sequence of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule, cell, organ, organism, population, ecosystem, biosphere

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsifiable

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable in an experiment testing the effect of fertilizer on plant growth?

Accepted Answer

The height of the plants measured after two weeks

Question 4

Which of the following statements about covalent bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms

Question 5

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four most common elements in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 6

Given the chemical equation $$ \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} $$, which of the following best describes the process?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration, which releases energy by breaking down glucose

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

It has an uneven distribution of electrons, resulting in partial positive and negative charges

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct balanced chemical equation for the hydrolysis of sucrose?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{C}_{12}\mathrm{H}_{22}\mathrm{O}_{11} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 $$

Question 9

Which of the following best distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have one

Question 10

Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 11

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and is double-stranded, while RNA contains ribose sugar and is usually single-stranded

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer with hydrophobic tails facing inward and hydrophilic heads facing outward

Question 14

A scientist is studying a protein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP. Which class of biological macromolecule does this protein belong to?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme (protein)

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is not digestible by most animals?

Accepted Answer

Most animals lack the enzyme to break the $$ \beta -1$$,4-glycosidic bonds in cellulose

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the leakage of extracellular fluid between adjacent cells

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 4 is ten times more acidic than a solution with pH 5

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A molecule consisting of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 19

Which of the following best describes Darwin's theory of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to offspring

Question 20

A student is asked to balance the following equation: $$ \mathrm{H}_2 + \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} . $$Which set of coefficients will balance the equation?

Accepted Answer

$$2, 1, 2$$

General Biology: Foundational Concepts and Key Topics

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