Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

Which domain(s) contain organisms with circular chromosomes and no nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea

Question 3

A deficiency of iodine can lead to which medical condition, and why?

Accepted Answer

Goiter, because iodine is required for thyroid hormone synthesis

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a versatile solvent?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar and can dissolve many ionic and polar compounds due to its charge.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the dissociation of hydrochloric acid in water?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{H}^+ + \mathrm{Cl}^-$$

Question 6

Which property of water allows fish to survive in lakes during winter?

Accepted Answer

Water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid, so ice floats and insulates the water below.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage

Question 8

A buffer helps maintain pH in a solution by:

Accepted Answer

Releasing or absorbing hydrogen ions ($$\mathrm{H}^+) as $$needed

Question 9

Which of the following statements about amino acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

The R group determines the chemical properties of each amino acid.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It is the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes an emergent property in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A novel property that emerges at a higher level of organization and is not present at the lower level.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

DNA is circular and not enclosed by a nuclear envelope.

Question 13

Which of the following is a trace element required by humans, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Iron, required for oxygen transport in hemoglobin

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating the atomic mass of a helium atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Atomic mass} = (\# 	ext{protons}) + (\# 	ext{neutrons})$$

Question 16

Which of the following statements about viruses is correct?

Accepted Answer

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites with a specific host range.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are the power house of the cell, producing ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about autotrophs?

Accepted Answer

Autotrophs use light or inorganic chemicals for energy and carbon dioxide as their carbon source.

General Biology: Foundations, Cell Structure, and Biochemistry Study Guide

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