Q: Which formula correctly represents the calculation of the number of neutrons in an atom?

$$\text{Number of neutrons} = \text{Mass number} - \text{Atomic number}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the scientific method as used in biology?

Accepted Answer

An evidence-based process involving observations, hypotheses, predictions, and controlled experiments.

Question 2

Which statement about the three domains of life is correct?

Accepted Answer

Domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic organisms.

Question 3

A scientist wants to test the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one with fertilizer and one without. What is the purpose of the group without fertilizer?

Accepted Answer

To act as a control group for comparison.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that makes it essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Water is composed of ionic bonds between hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 5

If an atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons, what is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: $$11$$, Mass number: $$23$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why carbon is the backbone of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for diverse molecular structures.

Question 7

A molecule of table sugar (sucrose) is formed by joining glucose and fructose. What type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis reaction

Question 8

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and compartmentalized organelles.

Question 9

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 10

A patient is exposed to a radioactive isotope used in medical imaging. Which property of isotopes allows them to be used in this way?

Accepted Answer

Radioactive isotopes emit detectable energy as they decay.

Question 11

Which formula correctly represents the calculation of the number of neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Number of neutrons} = 	ext{Mass number} - 	ext{Atomic number}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A long chain of monosaccharide units linked together.

Question 13

Which statement about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

Question 14

Which process is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct hierarchy of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule $$\rightarrow$$ cell $$\rightarrow$$ tissue $$\rightarrow$$ organ

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

The rough ER produces membrane proteins and secretory proteins.

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Which kingdom is it most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Plantae

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes produce proteins by translating messenger RNA.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Question 20

A solution contains $$0.5$$ moles of NaCl dissolved in $$1$$ liter of water. What is the molarity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5\ 	ext{M}$$

General Biology: Foundations, Chemistry, and Cell Structure Study Notes

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