Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a hypothesis and a theory in scientific research?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that can be tested, while a theory is a comprehensive explanation supported by a large body of evidence.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct order of the steps in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Data Collection, Conclusion

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Inability to adapt to the environment

Question 4

Which kingdom contains organisms that are primarily photosynthetic?

Accepted Answer

Plantae

Question 5

What is the main chemical difference between organic and inorganic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Organic molecules always contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, while inorganic molecules generally do not.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are stable when their outermost electron shell contains eight electrons.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin

Question 8

A sodium atom ($$Na) $$has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23. How many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$23 - 11 = 12$$ neutrons

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with an uneven distribution of electrical charge, resulting in partial positive and negative ends

Question 10

Which of the following is the strongest type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a universal solvent?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

Joining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide and releasing a molecule of water

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions as enzymes

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide with three phosphate groups attached to a ribose sugar and adenine base

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an isomer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and fructose, both with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 16

Which element is required for a molecule to be classified as 'organic'?

Accepted Answer

Carbon

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of denaturation in proteins?

Accepted Answer

Unfolding of a protein's three-dimensional structure due to heat or pH changes

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a monosaccharide and a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glucose (monosaccharide) and sucrose (disaccharide)

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are essential for cell membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers in water.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between a genome and a proteome?

Accepted Answer

The genome is the complete set of genes in a cell, while the proteome is the complete set of proteins expressed by those genes.

General Biology: Foundations, Chemistry, and Macromolecules Study Guide

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