Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of atomic mass for an atom?

$$\text{Atomic mass} = \text{Number of protons} + \text{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the structure and function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It is a flexible bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins and cholesterol, regulating the movement of substances and facilitating cell communication.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain molecule moves across the plasma membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without the use of cellular energy. Which process is most likely responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 3

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for many biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar, allowing it to surround and dissolve ionic and polar substances.

Question 5

A patient is given a drug in a clinical trial. Neither the patient nor the doctor knows whether the patient is receiving the drug or a placebo. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A double-blind experiment

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of atomic mass for an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Atomic mass} = 	ext{Number of protons} + 	ext{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers prevent dramatic changes in pH by absorbing or releasing H+ ions.

Question 8

A student is examining a tissue sample under a microscope and observes cells with striations, multiple nuclei, and voluntary control. Which type of tissue is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle tissue

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence of levels of biological organization from simplest to most complex within an individual?

Accepted Answer

Molecules → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ systems

Question 10

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.

Question 11

A person suffers a bone fracture. Which sequence correctly describes the order of events in bone repair?

Accepted Answer

Blood clot formation → Cartilaginous callus formation → Bone replacement

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a larger surface area relative to their volume, facilitating efficient exchange of materials.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons and attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts deposit new bone in response to stress, while osteoclasts break down bone when it is not stressed.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of synovial fluid in synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

It lubricates the joint, reducing friction between cartilage-covered bone surfaces.

Question 17

Which of the following is a property shared by all types of muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

They are all excitable, contractile, extensible, and elastic.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, facilitates movement, and organizes the cell's contents.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the phases of cellular respiration and their locations?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, and the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain occur in the mitochondria.

Question 20

A person is exposed to a new chemical and develops a rapid increase in blood acidity. Which biological mechanism would help minimize the change in pH?

Accepted Answer

Increased activity of buffers absorbing excess $$\mathrm{H}^+$$ ions

General Biology: Foundations, Chemistry, Cells, and Human Body Systems

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