Question 1

Which of the following best describes a control variable in a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

A variable that is left unchanged to serve as a baseline for comparison.

Question 2

A scientist hypothesizes that increasing sunlight will increase plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives normal sunlight, the other receives double the sunlight. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Amount of sunlight received by the plants.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms according to the MR. ROUGH criteria?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize.

Question 4

A virus does not meet all seven characteristics of life. Which characteristic is most commonly missing in viruses?

Accepted Answer

Ability to reproduce independently.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a homologous structure?

Accepted Answer

A structure that is similar in form and origin but may have different functions.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+]$$?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10} [H^+]$$

Question 7

If the pH of a solution changes from 7 to 4, how many times more acidic has the solution become?

Accepted Answer

1000 times more acidic

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules require more energy to break.

Question 9

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Resist changes in pH by neutralizing acids and bases.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down a macromolecule by adding water.

Question 12

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four most common elements found in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 13

Which of the following is true about hydrophobic interactions?

Accepted Answer

They occur between water-fearing molecules that cluster together to avoid water.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 15

Which base pairing rule is correct for DNA?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T, C pairs with G

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of an oxidation reaction?

Accepted Answer

A molecule loses electrons.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It builds macromolecules by removing water.

Question 19

Which of the following is a property of water that allows insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension due to hydrogen bonding

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between artificial selection and natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Artificial selection is driven by human choices, while natural selection is driven by environmental pressures.

General Biology: Foundations, Chemistry of Life, and Macromolecules

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