Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water is able to dissolve many ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, so its partial charges can interact with and stabilize both cations and anions.

Question 2

A scientist adds a strong acid to a solution, causing the pH to drop from 7 to 4. By what factor has the concentration of hydrogen ions increased?

Accepted Answer

$$10^3$$

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct description of a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Question 4

Which property of water allows aquatic organisms to survive in lakes during winter?

Accepted Answer

Water's solid form (ice) floats because it is less dense than liquid water.

Question 5

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a protein channel, without energy input.

Question 7

Which statement about prokaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Transporting molecules across the membrane.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It joins monomers together by removing a water molecule.

Question 10

A protein loses its shape due to high temperature. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the importance of the phospholipid bilayer in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It creates a barrier with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, controlling what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

RNA is produced in the nucleus and sent out to the cell to be decoded.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water across a membrane from low to high solute concentration.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of mitochondria in plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Converting food/fuel into energy.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between surface area and volume in cell size?

Accepted Answer

As cell size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure is the overall 3D shape formed by interactions between R groups.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are polymers made of monosaccharide monomers.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of cell membrane proteins in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They serve as attachment points for things to pass through.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why buffers are important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain a stable pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

General Biology: Foundations, Chemistry of Life, and Cell Structure

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