Q: During photosynthesis, plants convert energy from sunlight into chemical energy. Which equation best represents this process?

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'emergent properties' in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Properties that arise from the interaction of simpler parts, resulting in new functions at higher levels of organization.

Question 2

A scientist observes that beach and inland mice have different coat colors. She hypothesizes that coat color evolved for camouflage to reduce predation. Which variable is the independent variable in her experiment?

Accepted Answer

Model coat color

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a correct sequence in the hierarchy of biological organization from largest to smallest?

Accepted Answer

Population → Community → Ecosystem

Question 4

Which statement about the genetic code is supported by evidence for common ancestry among organisms?

Accepted Answer

All organisms use the same basic genetic code.

Question 5

During photosynthesis, plants convert energy from sunlight into chemical energy. Which equation best represents this process?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

Fish remove parasites from sea turtles, benefiting both species.

Question 7

Which domain of life includes organisms that thrive in extreme environments such as hot springs and salty lakes?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 8

A scientist uses inductive reasoning to form a hypothesis. Which of the following best illustrates inductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Observing that all examined cells contain DNA and concluding that all cells have DNA.

Question 9

Which of the following elements makes up the largest proportion of living matter?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O)$$

Question 10

If the atomic number of sodium ($$Na) is 11 $$and its mass number is 23, how many neutrons does a sodium atom have?

Accepted Answer

$$23 - 11 = 12$$ neutrons

Question 11

Which of the following is a trace element required by humans in very small amounts?

Accepted Answer

Iron ($$Fe)$$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about scientific theories is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A theory is broad, supported by extensive evidence, and can generate testable hypotheses.

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the diversity of life according to evolutionary theory?

Accepted Answer

Species accumulate differences from their ancestors through adaptation to different environments.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a controlled variable in a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

Keeping temperature constant for all experimental groups.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of science?

Accepted Answer

Science can prove supernatural phenomena.

Question 16

Which reasoning type is used when a scientist predicts that if a bulb is replaced, the lamp will work, based on the general principle that working bulbs are necessary for lamps to function?

Accepted Answer

Deductive reasoning

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why fossil fuel use contributes to global warming?

Accepted Answer

Burning fossil fuels releases $$CO_2$$, a greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the process of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Transcription produces mRNA from DNA, which is then translated into a protein.

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the process of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Populations adapt to their environment over time.

General Biology: Foundations, Themes, and Scientific Inquiry

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