Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of natural selection as proposed by Darwin and Wallace?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, increasing the frequency of those traits in the population.

Question 2

A population of beetles has two color morphs: green and brown. Birds more easily spot and eat green beetles in a forest with brown leaf litter. Over several generations, the frequency of brown beetles increases. Which evolutionary mechanism is primarily responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 3

Which equation is used to calculate allele frequencies in a population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 5

A population of 1000 individuals has the following genotype frequencies: 490 AA, 420 Aa, and 90 aa. What is the frequency of the 'a' allele?

Accepted Answer

$$q = 0.3$$

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates allopatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

A single population splits into two by a river, and over time, the two groups evolve into separate species.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about phylogenetic trees is correct?

Accepted Answer

They represent hypotheses about evolutionary relationships.

Question 8

Which of the following is a monophyletic group?

Accepted Answer

A group that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants.

Question 9

Which process is most likely responsible for the rapid diversification of mammals after the extinction of the dinosaurs?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive radiation

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria evolved from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell.

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics are generally ineffective against viruses?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack the cellular structures targeted by antibiotics.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a density-dependent factor affecting population growth?

Accepted Answer

Competition for food resources

Question 14

A population of rabbits grows according to the logistic growth model. Which equation best represents this model?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{dN}{dt} = rN \left(1 - \frac{N}{K}\right)$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a primary producer in most terrestrial ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Grass

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

They recycle nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

Bees pollinating flowers while feeding on nectar

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why invasive species can disrupt native ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

They often lack natural predators and can outcompete native species for resources.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and incorporates it into organic molecules.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of xylem in plants?

Accepted Answer

Transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves

General Biology I (BIO204) Syllabus and Study Guide

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