Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Cell Theory as outlined in your notes?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms are made of cells, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain chemical reaction in a cell releases energy and increases the disorder of the system. According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which of the following statements is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is spontaneous because it increases entropy ($$\Delta S \u003e 0) $$and releases energy ($$\Delta G \u003c 0).$$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms as described in your notes?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 4

A molecule of water (H$$_2O) is $$able to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Which property of water does this explain?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion

Question 5

Which functional group is responsible for acting as a base and is found in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amine group ($$-\mathrm{NH}_2)$$

Question 6

A researcher is testing a new drug and wants to ensure her results are statistically significant. According to the scientific method described in your notes, which of the following is most important for her experimental design?

Accepted Answer

Using a large sample size and including a control group

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules absorb heat when they break and release heat when they form.

Question 8

If a solution has a pH of 4, what is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[\mathrm{H}^+] in $$the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M

Question 9

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of adaptation as described in your notes?

Accepted Answer

A population of insects develops resistance to a pesticide over several generations.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about chemical equilibrium is correct?

Accepted Answer

At equilibrium, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

Question 11

A molecule contains a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. Which functional group does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Carbonyl group

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis in the context of the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A testable statement that explains an observation or phenomenon.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a non-polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between two hydrogen atoms in $$\mathrm{H}_2$$

Question 14

Which property of water allows it to dissolve many substances, making it an excellent solvent?

Accepted Answer

Its polarity, which allows it to form hydrogen bonds with ions and polar molecules.

Question 15

A buffer is important in biological systems because it:

Accepted Answer

Minimizes changes in pH when acids or bases are added.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A theory is a broad explanation supported by a large body of evidence, while a hypothesis is a testable statement about a specific observation.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of surface tension in biology?

Accepted Answer

A water strider insect walking on the surface of a pond.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Ice is less dense than liquid water due to the hydrogen bonds forming a crystalline structure.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a spontaneous chemical reaction in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration, releasing energy.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of a control group in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

It provides a baseline for comparison to determine the effect of the experimental variable.

General Biology I (BIOL 1306) - Foundations, Chemistry of Life, and Biological Molecules

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