Question 1

Which property of water is primarily responsible for its ability to move upward through plant xylem against gravity?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion and adhesion

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the difference between a phospholipid and a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids contain a phosphate group and two fatty acids, while triglycerides contain three fatty acids and no phosphate group

Question 3

Which of the following molecules is a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 4

A protein's tertiary structure is stabilized by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Peptide bonds

Question 5

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded

Question 6

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a membrane protein

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) $$for a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 8

During glycolysis, which molecule is the final product before entering the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the mitochondrion?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid synthesis

Question 10

Which process directly produces the most ATP during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain

Question 11

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy and increase the rate of reaction

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of NADH in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It donates electrons to the electron transport chain

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of active transport?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy from ATP

Question 14

Which of the following is a product of fermentation in human muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactate

Question 15

Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads interact with water while hydrophobic tails avoid water

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about catabolism and anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down molecules to release energy, while anabolism builds complex molecules

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water molecules from low to high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of ATP synthase?

Accepted Answer

It uses the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize ATP from ADP and $$	ext{P}_i$$

General Biology I: Structure, Function, and Metabolism of Cells and Molecules

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