$$[H^+] = 1 \times 10$$^{-5}$$ \ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes an emergent property in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A property that arises from the interaction of system components, not present in the individual parts alone.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the three domains of life is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotic, but Archaea are more closely related to Eukarya than to Bacteria.

Question 3

A scientist proposes that a certain plant grows faster when exposed to blue light. Which of the following best describes this statement?

Accepted Answer

It is a hypothesis because it is a testable explanation for an observation.

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches a chemical bond with its description?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond: a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly relates pH to hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 5. What is the hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+] in $$this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ \ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, so it can surround and separate ions due to its partial charges.

Question 8

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 10

A disaccharide is formed when two monosaccharides are joined by which type of reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis, which removes a molecule of water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, causing them to arrange with heads facing water and tails facing inward.

Question 12

Which level of protein structure is directly determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nucleic acid with its function?

Accepted Answer

DNA: stores genetic information for the synthesis of proteins

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size by the surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

As a cell grows, its volume increases faster than its surface area, limiting the rate of exchange with the environment.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 16

Which organelle is responsible for the conversion of food energy into ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 18

Which of the following correctly matches a cytoskeletal element with its function?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules: provide tracks for organelle movement and are involved in cell division

Question 19

Which type of cell junction allows for direct communication between animal cells by permitting the passage of ions and small molecules?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

General Biology I: Unit 1 Study Guide – Organization, Chemistry, and Cell Biology

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