Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of a control group in a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

It is the group that receives no treatment and is used as a baseline for comparison.

Question 2

A scientist is studying the effect of pH on the activity of bromelain, an enzyme found in pineapples. If the optimal pH for bromelain is 5.0, what would likely happen to its activity at pH 11?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme activity would decrease because extreme pH can denature enzymes.

Question 3

Which of the following is a property shared by all lipids?

Accepted Answer

They are hydrophobic and insoluble in water.

Question 4

A triglyceride is formed by condensation reactions between glycerol and fatty acids. How many water molecules are produced during the formation of one triglyceride molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for many biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar, allowing it to form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.

Question 7

A scientist observes that the average distance between sea slugs in a plot increases dramatically at noon. Which hypothesis could best explain this pattern?

Accepted Answer

Increased sunlight at noon causes slugs to spread out to avoid predation.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the structure of a protein’s primary structure?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating the pH of a solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}[\mathrm{H}^+]$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape that fits only specific substrates.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of RNA in cells?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions and carrying genetic messages for protein synthesis.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, causing kinks in their structure.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of a buffer system in biological fluids?

Accepted Answer

A buffer system maintains a stable pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the importance of hydrogen bonds in water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds allow water to have a high specific heat and surface tension.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the quaternary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

It involves the interaction of multiple polypeptide chains to form a functional protein.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about condensation (dehydration synthesis) reactions?

Accepted Answer

They join monomers together by removing a molecule of water.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the experimental group in a scientific study?

Accepted Answer

It is the group that is exposed to the independent variable to test its effect.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are formed by joining monomers through covalent bonds.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are affected by temperature?

Accepted Answer

Extreme temperatures can disrupt the enzyme’s structure, reducing its activity.

General Biology: Key Concepts, Molecules, and Experimental Design

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