Question 1

Which property of carbon allows it to form a wide variety of complex molecules essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form four covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct example of a functional group commonly found in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group: $$-COOH$$

Question 3

A student is analyzing two sugars: glucose and fructose. Both have the same molecular formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$, but different structures. What type of isomers are these?

Accepted Answer

Structural isomers

Question 4

Which type of reaction is responsible for joining monomers to form polymers, such as proteins and polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Condensation (dehydration) reaction

Question 5

What is the covalent bond called that links two amino acids together in a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 6

Which of the following is the monomer of a polysaccharide such as starch?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 7

A triglyceride is formed by the combination of which molecules?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol

Question 8

Which statement best explains the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the chain

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 10

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms, resulting in alpha helices and beta sheets?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 11

Which of the following correctly describes the components of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 12

Which of the following is a purine found in both DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Question 13

Which cellular structure is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 14

A scientist observes a cell with a cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for the production of ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 16

What is the main function of the Golgi complex in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a selectively permeable barrier made of a phospholipid bilayer

Question 18

Which of the following junctions allows direct cytoplasmic exchange between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 19

A mutation causes a cell to lack peroxisomes. Which process would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They originated from free-living prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells

General Biology Study Guide: Carbon, Biomolecules, and Cell Structure

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