Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new organism with a cell wall, no nucleus, and ribosomes. Which domain does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the Fluid-Mosaic Model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A flexible bilayer of phospholipids with proteins embedded throughout

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst due to water entering the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why cholesterol is important in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It maintains membrane fluidity at different temperatures.

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta E = q + w$$

Question 9

A cell is observed to engulf large particles by wrapping its membrane around them and forming a vesicle. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes an enzyme's active site?

Accepted Answer

The region where substrates bind and undergo a chemical reaction

Question 11

Which of the following statements about competitive inhibition is correct?

Accepted Answer

A competitive inhibitor binds to the active site, blocking substrate binding.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of potential energy in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

The chemical bonds in a molecule of glucose

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and helps with cell movement.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water molecules from low to high solute concentration across a semi-permeable membrane

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between free energy ($$\Delta G$$), enthalpy ($$\Delta H$$), and entropy ($$\Delta S) at $$constant temperature?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and $$P_i$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They digest and recycle cellular waste.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about REDOX reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons.

General Biology Study Guide: Cell Structure, Membranes, and Metabolism

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