Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells must remain small in size?

Accepted Answer

Because smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, allowing efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

A scientist wants to observe the movement of chromosomes during cell division in a living cell. Which type of microscope should they use and why?

Accepted Answer

Light microscope, because it allows observation of living cells and their dynamic processes.

Question 3

Which of the following structures is present in prokaryotic cells but absent in animal cells, and is a common target for antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall made of peptidoglycan

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with Pompe disease, which is characterized by the buildup of glycogen in muscle cells. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the evidence supporting the endosymbiosis theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles contain their own circular DNA, similar to prokaryotes.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape, enabling movement, and organizing cell structures.

Question 7

A cell is observed to have a large number of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of drugs and alcohol.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why penicillin is effective against Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer that is targeted by penicillin, while Gram-negative bacteria have an additional outer membrane that blocks the drug.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct pathway for a protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus → Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Vesicle → Plasma membrane

Question 10

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional actin filaments. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell division and muscle contraction

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the surface area-to-volume ratio is correct?

Accepted Answer

As a cell increases in size, its surface area-to-volume ratio decreases.

Question 12

Which of the following is a similarity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Both contain ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Question 13

A researcher wants to visualize the surface texture of a hair sample. Which microscope should they use?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscope

Question 14

Which organelle is most abundant in pancreatic cells that secrete digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digesting worn-out organelles and foreign invaders

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are found in all prokaryotic cells.

Question 17

Which of the following would be most affected if a cell lost all of its microtubules?

Accepted Answer

Movement of chromosomes during cell division

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics do not harm human cells?

Accepted Answer

Human cells lack the structures targeted by antibiotics, such as peptidoglycan cell walls and prokaryotic ribosomes.

Question 19

Which of the following is a unique feature of plant cells compared to animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 20

A cell is unable to package and ship proteins to their final destinations. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

General Biology Study Guide: Cell Structure, Function, and Microscopy

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