$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Fluid-Mosaic Model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins embedded in or attached to a bilayer of phospholipids, allowing selective permeability.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst as water enters the cell.

Question 3

Which process requires energy input from the cell and moves molecules against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the summary reaction for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 5

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Question 6

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct comparison between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, while cellular respiration consumes them.

Question 8

Which of the following is the primary pigment responsible for light absorption in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 9

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, what is the sequence of events leading to ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Electrons flow through the electron transport chain, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It uses the proton gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Question 11

Which of the following events increases genetic variability during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during prophase I

Question 12

A cell with 8 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after division?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the stages of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 14

Which of the following is a consequence of non-disjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers

Question 15

Which of the following is true about exergonic and endergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions release energy, while endergonic reactions require energy input.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Being consumed during the reaction

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why temperature and pH affect enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

They alter the enzyme's three-dimensional structure, affecting its active site.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct summary equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced directly by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes that carry the same genes but may have different alleles, one from each parent.

General Biology Study Guide: Cell Structure, Metabolism, Photosynthesis, and Cell Division

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