Question 1

Which cellular component marks the fundamental difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus

Question 2

A scientist is given samples of bacterial cells, animal cells, and plant cells. Which feature would best help distinguish plant cells from the other two types?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a cell wall made of cellulose

Question 3

What is unique about prokaryotic chromosomes compared to eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are circular and found in the cytoplasm

Question 4

Which organelle is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

How many membranes surround the nucleus in a typical eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Two

Question 6

What is the function of nuclear pore complexes?

Accepted Answer

To allow selective transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 8

A hydrogen bond is most comparable to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A weak ionic bond

Question 9

Why are covalent bonds between carbon and hydrogen considered 'non-polar'?

Accepted Answer

Because carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities

Question 10

Which type of covalent bond is abundant in highly hydrophobic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Non-polar covalent bonds

Question 11

What property of water helps you cool your body by sweating?

Accepted Answer

High heat of vaporization

Question 12

Which part of a phospholipid bilayer is hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

The fatty acid tails

Question 13

Which type of molecules would pass directly through a phospholipid bilayer most easily?

Accepted Answer

Small non-polar molecules

Question 14

What is the main reason why water is evaporated when heated?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules gain enough kinetic energy to break hydrogen bonds

Question 15

What is the definition of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration

Question 16

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink

Question 17

Which energy-rich molecule provides energy needed to actively transport something across the membrane?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 18

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a protein channel without using energy

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the structure of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, electrons are found in the orbits

Question 20

Given an atom with 17 protons and 19 neutrons, what is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: $$17$$, Mass number: $$36$$

General Biology Study Guide: Cell Structure, Membranes, and Molecular Bonds

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