$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed in a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

During glycolysis, glucose is converted into pyruvate. What is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose during this process?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

In cellular respiration, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP contains high-energy phosphate bonds that can be hydrolyzed to release energy for cellular work.

Question 6

Which process in cellular respiration produces the most NADH per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)

Question 7

A mutation disables the enzyme ATP synthase in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmosis

Question 8

Which of the following is a product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 9

Which statement best describes the role of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It manufactures, ships, and recycles cargo within the cell.

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 11

During fermentation in human muscle cells, which molecule is produced as a result of pyruvate reduction?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, enables cell movement, and organizes organelles.

Question 13

Which step in cellular respiration is responsible for the majority of ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Question 14

A cell is observed to have a large number of ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and export of proteins

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Being consumed during the reaction

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

The use of a proton gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP via ATP synthase.

Question 17

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 18

A scientist observes a cell with a cell wall, ribosomes, and circular DNA, but no nucleus. Which type of organism is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryote

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It produces NADH, FADH$$_2$$, and ATP from acetyl-CoA.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of how cell-cell interactions are critical for multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

The coordination of muscle contraction in the human heart via gap junctions.

General Biology Study Guide: Cells, Energy, and Cellular Processes (Chapters 7-9)

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