Question 1

Which of the following cellular components is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 2

A scientist is given samples of animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells. Which feature would best help distinguish bacterial cells from the others?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a cell wall made of peptidoglycan

Question 3

What is unique about prokaryotic chromosomes compared to eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are circular and found in the cytoplasm

Question 4

Which organelle is part of the endomembrane system and is responsible for protein modification and sorting?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

How many membranes surround the nucleus in a typical eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Two

Question 6

What is the function of nuclear pore complexes?

Accepted Answer

To allow selective transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the structure of a ribosome?

Accepted Answer

A complex of rRNA and proteins

Question 8

Which type of molecule would pass directly through a phospholipid bilayer most easily?

Accepted Answer

Small nonpolar molecules

Question 9

What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and initial modification

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why water is a good solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar and can stabilize ions through hydrogen bonding

Question 11

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink

Question 12

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a protein channel, without energy input

Question 13

Which energy-rich molecule is most commonly used to actively transport substances across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 14

Which of the following bonds is considered non-polar?

Accepted Answer

C-H bond

Question 15

What causes a hydrogen bond to form between two water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Electrostatic attraction between the partial positive charge on hydrogen and the partial negative charge on oxygen

Question 16

Which part of a phospholipid bilayer is hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid tails

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Transport of molecules across the membrane

Question 18

If a plant cell wants to store toxic chemicals such as nicotine, it would send them to which cellular compartment?

Accepted Answer

Vacuole

Question 19

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane

Question 20

A neutral atom has 17 protons and 19 neutrons. How many electrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$17$$

General Biology Study Guide: Cells, Membranes, and Molecular Structure

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