Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in maintaining pH homeostasis in human blood?

Accepted Answer

Buffers absorb excess $$\mathrm{H^+} or$$ $$\mathrm{OH^-}$$ ions, minimizing changes in pH when acids or bases are added.

Question 2

A solution has a $$\mathrm{[H^+]}$$ concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M. What is the pH of this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 3

Which functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of amino acids and is commonly found in organic acids?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-\mathrm{COOH})$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements correctly explains why carbon is a central element in organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for complex and diverse molecular structures.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the interaction between water and hydrophobic substances?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic substances repel water and tend to aggregate together, minimizing contact with water molecules.

Question 6

During the combustion of hydrocarbons, which products are typically formed and what is the general reaction equation?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide and water; $$\mathrm{C_xH_y + O_2$ \rightarrow CO_2$ + H_2O}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a property of the phosphate functional group?

Accepted Answer

It is hydrophobic and does not interact with water.

Question 8

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 9

A patient is experiencing acidosis, with blood pH dropping below 7.35. Which buffer system is most important in maintaining blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate buffer system ($$\mathrm{$$HCO_3$$^-})$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

Question 11

Which level of protein structure is directly affected when a protein is denatured by heat?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with Thymine; Guanine pairs with Cytosine

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of polymer synthesis in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are joined by dehydration synthesis, releasing water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) as a $$byproduct.

Question 14

Which of the following is a property of the hydroxyl functional group?

Accepted Answer

It is polar and increases solubility of molecules in water.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds and releases energy when the terminal phosphate is removed by hydrolysis.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a major type of biological macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Steroids

Question 17

Which functional group is found in all amino acids and is essential for peptide bond formation?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-\mathrm{NH_2$})$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid and its role in cellular membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, forming bilayers that create selective barriers in cell membranes.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation disrupts the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins, often rendering them nonfunctional.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of a hydrocarbon?

Accepted Answer

Methane ($$\mathrm{CH_4$})$$

General Biology Study Guide: Chemistry of Life and Macromolecules

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