Question 1

Which of the following best describes a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A statement that can be tested and falsified through experimentation.

Question 2

A researcher observes that plants grow faster when exposed to blue light. She proposes that blue light increases the rate of photosynthesis. Which step of the scientific method is this?

Accepted Answer

Formulating a hypothesis

Question 3

Which of the following statements about scientific theories is correct?

Accepted Answer

A scientific theory is a well-supported explanation that integrates many observations and hypotheses.

Question 4

Which property of water allows it to moderate Earth's climate by absorbing and retaining heat?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat capacity

Question 5

A solution is made by dissolving 10 g of NaCl in 100 mL of water. In this solution, which is the solvent?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is called the 'universal solvent'?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitochondrion?

Accepted Answer

It produces ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 9

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst due to water entering the cell.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why correlation does not imply causation?

Accepted Answer

Two variables may be related without one causing the other; a third factor may be involved.

Question 11

Which of the following is a property of acids?

Accepted Answer

They donate protons ($$H^+) in $$solution.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons, while ionic bonds involve transferring electrons.

Question 13

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 14

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of chemical reactions.

Question 15

During cellular respiration, which stage produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why experiments are important in science?

Accepted Answer

They allow hypotheses to be tested under controlled conditions.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane in cells?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules across a membrane via transport proteins, down their concentration gradient.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about ATP?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups.

Question 20

A patient is unable to break down lactose due to a lack of the enzyme lactase. Which property of enzymes does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme specificity

General Biology Study Guide: Core Concepts and Foundations

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