Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water has a high surface tension compared to most other liquids?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules creates cohesive forces at the surface.

Question 2

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is a strong acid and has a high concentration of H$$^+.$$

Question 3

Which chemical property of carbon allows it to form the backbone of structurally and functionally diverse biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Its tetravalency, allowing it to form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms.

Question 4

Which functional group is most likely to act as a base in an aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 5

During protein synthesis, which type of bond forms between amino acids to create the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond (a covalent bond between the carboxyl and amino groups)

Question 6

A mutation changes a codon from UAU (tyrosine) to UAA (stop). What type of mutation is this and what is its likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation; introduces a premature stop codon.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves molecules down their concentration gradient without energy input; active transport moves molecules against their gradient using ATP.

Question 8

Which of the following molecules would diffuse most rapidly across a pure phospholipid bilayer (no proteins present)?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2 ($$small, nonpolar)

Question 9

Which statement best explains why unsaturated fatty acids increase membrane fluidity?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds that create kinks, preventing tight packing of phospholipids.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct complementary DNA strand for 5'-ATGCCGTA-3'?

Accepted Answer

3'-TACGGCAT-5'

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of polymers into monomers, and what is the chemical change involved?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis; addition of water to break covalent bonds.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as a universal energy currency by coupling exergonic and endergonic reactions.

Question 13

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 14

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The folding of the polypeptide into alpha helices and beta sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is redundant, meaning multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Ions require transport proteins to move efficiently across the membrane due to their charge.

Question 18

Which process in cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the semiconservative model of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.

General Biology Study Guide: Core Concepts and Learning Objectives

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드