Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Two strands of nucleotides with a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases paired by hydrogen bonds.

Question 2

During DNA replication, what is the result of the process described as 'semiconservative'?

Accepted Answer

Each daughter DNA molecule consists of one old (parental) strand and one new strand.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose as its sugar.

Question 4

A scientist wants to amplify a specific segment of DNA for forensic analysis. Which technique should they use, and what is the main principle behind it?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR); using repeated cycles of heating and cooling to replicate DNA.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a frameshift mutation, and what is its likely effect on the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

An insertion or deletion of a nucleotide, altering the reading frame and potentially changing every amino acid after the mutation.

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of descent with modification?

Accepted Answer

Different species of finches on the Galápagos Islands have beaks adapted to their specific diets, but all share a common ancestor.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for natural selection to occur?

Accepted Answer

Acquisition of traits during an organism's lifetime.

Question 8

A population of insects is split by a river, and over time, the two groups evolve into separate species. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between homologous and analogous structures?

Accepted Answer

Homologous structures are similar due to shared ancestry, while analogous structures are similar due to convergent evolution.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

Bees pollinating flowers while collecting nectar.

Question 11

In an ecosystem, which group is responsible for recycling nutrients from dead organic matter back into the environment?

Accepted Answer

Decomposers

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why energy transfer between trophic levels is inefficient?

Accepted Answer

Most energy is lost as heat due to metabolic activities at each trophic level.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Humans breeding dogs for specific traits such as size or temperament.

Question 15

A farmer plants two types of crops in the same field. Over time, the crops develop different root depths to access water and nutrients. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Resource partitioning

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches its anticodon to the codon on mRNA.

Question 17

Which of the following is a likely consequence of a point mutation in a gene coding for a protein?

Accepted Answer

The protein may have a single amino acid change, which can alter its function.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary ecological succession?

Accepted Answer

Primary succession begins on bare rock with no soil, while secondary succession occurs where a disturbance has left the soil intact.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

Carbon is fixed by plants during photosynthesis and returned to the atmosphere by respiration and combustion.

Question 20

Which of the following is a major impact of human activity on biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

Habitat destruction leading to species extinction.

General Biology Study Guide: DNA, Genetics, Evolution, and Ecology

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