Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

Which variable in a scientific experiment is deliberately changed to test its effect?

Accepted Answer

Independent variable

Question 3

A molecule with the formula $$C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$ is classified as which type of biomolecule?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 4

Which property of water allows it to dissolve many substances, making it an excellent solvent in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 6

Which functional group is found in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 7

A triglyceride is formed by the reaction of which components?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails avoid water while hydrophilic heads interact with water.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 11

A student is examining a cell under a microscope and observes a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is the student most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct representation of the chemical reaction for the formation of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Amino\ $$acid_1$$} + \mathrm{Amino\ $$acid_2$$} \rightarrow \mathrm{Dipeptide} + H_2O$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy and speed up chemical reactions.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules require more energy to break.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the endosymbiotic hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells by engulfing other prokaryotes that became organelles.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of phospholipids in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They create a flexible bilayer that allows selective passage of molecules.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a monosaccharide with the formula $$C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$.

General Biology Study Guide: Foundations and Molecular Biology

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