Question 1

Which property of water allows it to moderate Earth's climate by absorbing and releasing large amounts of heat with only slight changes in its own temperature?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat capacity

Question 2

A scientist is studying a protein that loses its function when exposed to high temperatures. Which level of protein structure is MOST likely disrupted first?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

The hydrogen bonds in ice create a lattice that spaces water molecules farther apart

Question 4

Which functional group is found in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 5

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 5$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis forms polymers from monomers by removing water

Question 7

Which of the following molecules is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 8

Which type of chemical bond is responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 9

Which of the following is a major difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells

Question 11

Which of the following is a property of carbon that makes it uniquely suited to form diverse biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

It can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 12

A buffer solution is important in biological systems because it:

Accepted Answer

Maintains a constant pH by neutralizing added acids or bases

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, causing kinks in their structure

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of a phospholipid bilayer in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads face outward, hydrophobic tails face inward

Question 15

Which of the following is a trace element essential for the function of hemoglobin in humans?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct application of the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Testing a hypothesis by conducting controlled experiments

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Tree of Life?

Accepted Answer

It includes Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya as the three domains

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible reason why RNA is hypothesized to be the first hereditary molecule?

Accepted Answer

RNA can both store genetic information and catalyze chemical reactions

General Biology Study Guide: Foundations, Chemistry of Life, Biological Molecules, and the Origin of Life

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