$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental traits shared by all living things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 2

Pasteur’s experiment with straight-necked and swan-necked flasks provided evidence against which theory?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous generation

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 4

Which property of water is primarily responsible for its ability to moderate temperature in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat capacity

Question 5

Amino acids are joined together by which type of bond during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 6

Which of the following statements about phospholipid bilayers is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayers are selectively permeable due to their amphipathic nature.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why carbon is important in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon forms the backbone for molecular shape and can form four covalent bonds.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 9

Which law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed?

Accepted Answer

First law of thermodynamics

Question 10

Which of the following best describes diffusion across a lipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA strands are antiparallel and held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

Question 12

Which of the following is a role of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about hydrolysis and condensation reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis reactions break polymers into monomers by adding water.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why water is an efficient solvent?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar and can form hydrogen bonds with many molecules.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about fatty acids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the chain.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in cells?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates serve as a substrate for synthesizing more complex molecules.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about protein folding?

Accepted Answer

Molecular chaperones can assist in the proper folding of proteins.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water molecules from low to high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of RNA in cells?

Accepted Answer

RNA allows DNA to be used as a template to transcribe RNA.

General Biology Study Guide: Foundations, Chemistry of Life, Macromolecules, and Cell Membranes

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