Question 1

Which of the following best describes an 'emergent property' in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A property that arises only when individual components interact in a system, and is not present in the individual components alone.

Question 2

Place the following levels of biological organization in the correct sequence from smallest to largest: cell, ecosystem, organ, population, molecule.

Accepted Answer

Molecule, cell, organ, population, ecosystem

Question 3

Which four elements make up more than 95% of the human body mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Question 4

Which type of chemical bond is formed when electrons are shared unequally between two atoms, resulting in partial charges?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 5

Water molecules exhibit hydrogen bonding due to which property?

Accepted Answer

The polarity of water molecules, where oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct statement about dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It is a reaction where two monomers are joined together by removing a molecule of water.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 8

Triglycerides are classified as which type of biological macromolecule, and what is their primary function in cells?

Accepted Answer

Lipids; energy storage

Question 9

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, making them solid at room temperature.

Question 10

Which part of an amino acid is responsible for its unique chemical properties?

Accepted Answer

The R group (side chain)

Question 11

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms, resulting in alpha helices and beta sheets?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the phospholipid bilayer in plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selective barrier, regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 13

Which of the following is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 14

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 15

The endosymbiotic theory explains the origin of which two organelles in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why DNA is considered the molecule of heredity?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms.

Question 17

Which of the following cell structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 19

Which equation correctly represents the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

$$\ce{Amino	ext{-}acid	ext{-}1} + \ce{Amino	ext{-}acid	ext{-}2} \rightarrow \ce{Dipeptide} + \ce{H2O}$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains how differences in electronegativity between atoms in a water molecule lead to its unique properties?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, creating a partial negative charge on oxygen and a partial positive charge on hydrogen, resulting in hydrogen bonding.

General Biology Study Guide: Key Concepts and Structures

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