Question 1

Which of the following best describes homologous structures?

Accepted Answer

Structures in different species that are similar due to shared ancestry, such as the forelimbs of humans and bats.

Question 2

A scientist is studying the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups of plants: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The application of the new fertilizer.

Question 3

Which of the following is considered a vestigial structure in humans?

Accepted Answer

The appendix, because it has lost most of its original digestive function.

Question 4

Which process is responsible for extracting oxygen from the environment to make energy in humans?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 5

A population of cheetahs experienced a drastic reduction in numbers due to a disease outbreak, leaving only a few survivors. The resulting genetic makeup of the population is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Bottleneck effect

Question 6

Which of the following best defines carrying capacity ($$K) in an $$ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

The maximum population size of a species that an environment can sustain indefinitely.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of biological organization from least to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Cell $$\rightarrow$$ Tissue $$\rightarrow$$ Organ $$\rightarrow$$ Organ System $$\rightarrow$$ Organism

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why food webs are considered more accurate than food chains?

Accepted Answer

Food webs illustrate the complex, interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem.

Question 9

What percentage of energy is typically transferred from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

$$10\%$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a major human activity that increases atmospheric $$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$ levels?

Accepted Answer

Burning fossil fuels

Question 11

Which of the following pollutants is most directly responsible for destroying the ozone layer?

Accepted Answer

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the composition of the air humans breathe?

Accepted Answer

Mostly nitrogen, with about $$21\%$$ oxygen and trace amounts of other gases.

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to humans among hominoids?

Accepted Answer

Bipedalism and complex language

Question 14

A scientist publishes her findings in a peer-reviewed journal. What is a key feature of this process?

Accepted Answer

The article is evaluated by other experts in the field before publication.

Question 15

Which of the following best defines a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A broad explanation supported by a large body of evidence and repeatedly tested.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a controlled variable in a scientific experiment testing the effect of light on plant growth?

Accepted Answer

The amount of water each plant receives.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles, while prokaryotic cells lack both.

Question 18

Which of the following is the total living component of an ecosystem called?

Accepted Answer

Biomass

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why modern farming practices can disrupt local ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

They can introduce pollutants and reduce habitat diversity.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between causation and correlation?

Accepted Answer

Causation means one event causes another; correlation means two events happen together but not necessarily with a cause-effect relationship.

General Biology: Study Guide Notes (Chapters 1, 22, 23, 24)

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드