Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process by which biologists use ongoing cycles of observation, hypothesis formation, testing, and revision based on evidence?

Accepted Answer

The scientific method

Question 2

Which property of water allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances, making it an effective solvent in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form hydrogen bonds

Question 3

A scientist is studying the structure of an atom. Which subatomic particle is responsible for the chemical behavior of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 4

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct description of a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen

Question 6

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 7

Denaturation of a protein most directly affects which level of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why saturated fatty acids tend to be solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They have straight chains that pack closely together

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living systems?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 10

Which of the following equations represents the dissociation of sodium chloride in water?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NaCl_{(s)} \rightarrow Na^+_{(aq)} + Cl^-_{(aq)}}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of a sodium-potassium pump in a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It uses energy from ATP to move $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ out of the cell and $$\mathrm{K^+}$$ into the cell, establishing an electrochemical gradient

Question 12

Which of the following is a difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins, while simple diffusion does not

Question 13

Which of the following polysaccharides is used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the relationship between protein folding and function?

Accepted Answer

Proper folding is necessary for a protein to perform its specific biological function

Question 15

Which of the following is a structural carbohydrate found in plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids spontaneously form bilayers in aqueous environments?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads interact with water while their hydrophobic tails avoid water

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct comparison between active transport and passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy input, while passive transport does not

Question 18

Which of the following is a major type of lipid found in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monosaccharide and a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide is a single sugar unit, while a polysaccharide is composed of many sugar units linked together

Question 20

Which of the following molecules is most likely to diffuse freely across a cell membrane without the help of a transport protein?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{O_2$} ($$oxygen)

General Biology: Study Guide on Biomolecules and Cell Transport

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