Question 1

Which of the following best describes a controlled experiment in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

An experiment that includes at least two groups, one differing from the other by only one variable.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the four emergent properties of water that contribute to Earth's suitability for life?

Accepted Answer

High density as a solid compared to liquid

Question 3

A scientist dissolves 180 grams of glucose (molecular mass = 180 g/mol) in enough water to make 1 liter of solution. What is the molarity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$1~\mathrm{mol/L}$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about isomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula but different arrangements of atoms.

Question 5

Which property of water allows insects like water striders to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension due to hydrogen bonding

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why vegetable oil is a liquid at room temperature while animal fat is solid?

Accepted Answer

Vegetable oil has more double bonds than animal fats.

Question 7

Which organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast; photosynthesis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and modification

Question 9

Which type of membrane transport requires energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

Which of the following molecules would pass most easily through a cell membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Small hydrophobic molecules

Question 11

Which equation correctly relates the number of moles ($$n$$), mass ($$m$$), and molar mass ($$M) of a $$substance?

Accepted Answer

$$n = \frac{m}{M}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins

Question 13

Which of the following statements about competitive and non-competitive enzyme inhibition is correct?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, while non-competitive inhibitors bind elsewhere on the enzyme.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between hypertonic and hypotonic solutions?

Accepted Answer

A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell; a hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an emergent property in biology?

Accepted Answer

The function of a multicellular organism arising from the interaction of its cells

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes decrease the activation energy, speeding up reactions.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds to form proteins.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane in cells?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between free energy change ($$\Delta G$$), enthalpy change ($$\Delta H$$), temperature ($$T$$), and entropy change ($$\Delta S) in a $$chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T \Delta S$$

General Biology Study Guide: Scientific Method, Chemistry of Life, Cell Structure, and Membrane Transport

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