Question 1

Which of the following best distinguishes a hypothesis from a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable explanation based on prior knowledge, while a scientific theory is a broad explanation supported by a large body of evidence.

Question 2

In a controlled experiment testing the effect of fertilizer on plant growth, which is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The amount of fertilizer applied to the plants.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a food chain and a food web?

Accepted Answer

A food web consists of multiple interconnected food chains, showing the complex feeding relationships in an ecosystem.

Question 4

A scientist is studying the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis in aquatic plants. She measures the amount of oxygen produced at different temperatures. Which is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The amount of oxygen produced.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

Bees pollinating flowers while obtaining nectar.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Excess nutrients lead to algal blooms, which decrease oxygen levels and can cause fish kills.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct order of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule, cell, organ, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Question 8

A population of rabbits is introduced to an island with abundant food and no predators. Which type of population growth is most likely to occur initially, and what is the equation for this growth?

Accepted Answer

Exponential growth; $$N_{t} = N_{0} e$$^{rt}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why energy transfer between trophic levels is inefficient?

Accepted Answer

Most energy is lost as heat due to metabolic processes, so only about 10% is transferred to the next level.

Question 10

Which of the following is an abiotic factor that can influence the structure of a terrestrial ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Soil pH

Question 11

A scientist wants to compare the mean heights of two different plant species grown under identical conditions. Which statistical test should she use to determine if the difference is significant?

Accepted Answer

A t-test

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

They break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct binomial nomenclature for humans?

Accepted Answer

$$Homo	ext{ }sapiens$$

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of an ecological niche?

Accepted Answer

A woodpecker feeding on insects under tree bark during the day, while another bird species feeds on seeds in the same tree at night.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why rapid eutrophication can decrease species diversity in aquatic ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen depletion from algal blooms kills many aquatic organisms.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis removes $$CO_2$$ from the atmosphere, while cellular respiration returns $$CO_2 to $$the atmosphere.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a density-dependent factor regulating population size?

Accepted Answer

Competition for food resources

Question 18

A student is asked to create a graph to represent the change in population size of a species over time. Which type of graph is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A line graph

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary consumers in a food web?

Accepted Answer

Primary consumers eat producers, while secondary consumers eat primary consumers.

Question 20

Which of the following is a consequence of global warming on the biosphere?

Accepted Answer

Shifts in species distributions and increased extinction rates.

General Biology Study Guide: Scientific Process, Biosphere, Communities, and Phylogeny

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