Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between cohesion and adhesion in water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion refers to water molecules sticking to each other due to hydrogen bonding, while adhesion refers to water molecules sticking to other surfaces.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 3

A student is asked to draw a water molecule and label the partial charges. Which of the following correctly represents the partial charges on the atoms?

Accepted Answer

Both hydrogens are partially positive, and oxygen is partially negative.

Question 4

Which of the following correctly lists the four major categories of macromolecules and their monomers?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates: monosaccharides; Proteins: amino acids; Lipids: fatty acids and glycerol; Nucleic acids: nucleotides

Question 5

Which chemical reaction is responsible for joining monomers to form polymers in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity allows it to surround and separate ions due to its partial charges.

Question 7

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 8

A scientist wants to compare the amount of mRNA produced in two different cell types. Which type of graph would be most appropriate for this data?

Accepted Answer

Bar graph

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between independent and dependent variables in a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is what you change, and the dependent variable is what you measure.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct representation of the dehydration synthesis reaction for forming a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 12

A researcher is testing the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. Which variable should be plotted on the x-axis of a graph?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The folding of a polypeptide due to interactions between R groups

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a hypothesis that is testable and falsifiable?

Accepted Answer

Increasing sunlight exposure increases the growth rate of tomato plants.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why lipids are not true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are formed by dehydration synthesis but do not have repeating monomer units.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine, guanine pairs with cytosine

Question 17

A student is asked to explain the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the chain.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the total magnification of a compound light microscope?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total Magnification} = 	ext{Objective Lens Magnification} 	imes 	ext{Ocular Lens Magnification}$$

Question 20

A scientist is designing an experiment to test the effect of pH on enzyme activity. Which of the following is the best way to support the hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Keep all variables constant except pH and measure enzyme activity at different pH levels.

General Biology Study Notes: Biomolecules, Macromolecules, and Scientific Skills

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