Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a gene and an allele?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a trait, while an allele is a variant form of that gene.

Question 2

If a plant has the genotype $$Ff$$ for flower color, where $$F is $$dominant for purple and $$f is $$recessive for white, what will be the phenotype of the plant?

Accepted Answer

Purple flowers

Question 3

In humans, how many alleles does a typical individual have for any given autosomal gene?

Accepted Answer

Two

Question 4

A man with genotype $$Aa$$ for a trait produces sperm. According to Mendel’s Law of Segregation, what proportion of his sperm will carry the $$A$$ allele?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 5

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

A gene for flower color and a gene for seed shape are inherited independently because they are on different chromosomes.

Question 6

A couple, both heterozygous for the tongue rolling trait ($$Aa$$), have a child. What is the probability that their child will NOT be able to roll their tongue?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 7

In a cross between two roan horses (coat color is codominant: $$R^W$$ for white, $$R^R$$ for red, $$R^W R^R$$ for roan), what is the expected phenotypic ratio of their offspring?

Accepted Answer

1 red : 2 roan : 1 white

Question 8

A woman with type AB blood ($$I^A I^B) $$and a man with type O blood ($$ii) $$have children. Which blood types are possible among their offspring?

Accepted Answer

A and B only

Question 9

A red four o’clock flower ($$RR) is $$crossed with a white four o’clock flower ($$WW). $$All offspring are pink ($$RW). $$What type of inheritance is this?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 10

A woman who is a carrier for red-green color blindness ($$X^N X^n) $$and a normal man ($$X^N Y) $$have a son. What is the probability that their son will be colorblind?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes each contribute additively to a single trait.

Question 12

If a trait is controlled by three independently assorting genes, each with a dominant and recessive allele, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the $$F_2$$ generation from two triple heterozygotes ($$AaBbCc 	imes AaBbCc$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$1:6:15:20:15:6:1$$

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of epistasis?

Accepted Answer

A gene for pigment deposition masks the effect of a gene for pigment color in mice.

Question 14

Hydrangea flowers can be pink or blue depending on soil pH. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Environmental impact on phenotype

Question 15

A normally pigmented male (whose father was albino) marries an albino woman. Albinism is recessive. What is the expected ratio of normal to albino children?

Accepted Answer

$$1$$ normal : $$1$$ albino

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a hemizygous genotype?

Accepted Answer

Having only one allele for a gene, as in males for X-linked genes

Question 17

In a dihybrid cross between two plants heterozygous for both pod form (inflated, $$I$$, dominant; constricted, $$i$$, recessive) and seed shape (round, $$R$$, dominant; wrinkled, $$r$$, recessive), what fraction of offspring will have constricted pods and round seeds?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3}{16}$$

Question 18

Which of the following statements about Barr bodies is correct?

Accepted Answer

Barr bodies are inactivated X chromosomes in females.

Question 19

A mutation in a gene results in a nonfunctional enzyme, causing a white flower instead of a purple one. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A change in phenotype due to a change in genotype

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a Punnett square?

Accepted Answer

A diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross

Genetic Inheritance: Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Patterns

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