Question 1

Which statement best describes homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are chromosomes that carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 2

During DNA replication, what is the relationship between sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

They are identical copies of a single chromosome joined at the centromere.

Question 3

A human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes. What is the value of $$n$$ for this cell?

Accepted Answer

$$n = 23$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes an allele?

Accepted Answer

A variant form of a gene found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.

Question 5

Which of the following is true about autosomal dominant disorders?

Accepted Answer

They appear in every generation and affected individuals have at least one affected parent.

Question 6

A pedigree shows a disorder that appears only in males and skips generations. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

X-linked recessive

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true about meiosis but NOT mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.

Question 8

If a woman is a carrier for a rare X-linked recessive disorder and her partner does not have the disorder, what is the probability that their son will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between a gene and an allele?

Accepted Answer

A gene encodes for a protein, while an allele is a variant of that gene.

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of autosomal recessive disorders in pedigrees?

Accepted Answer

Affected individuals usually have unaffected parents.

Question 11

What is the ploidy of a human zygote?

Accepted Answer

Diploid

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the C-value in genetics?

Accepted Answer

It is the mass of DNA (in picograms) contained within a haploid nucleus.

Question 13

During meiosis, what is the result after the first division?

Accepted Answer

Two haploid cells with homologous chromosomes separated.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a way to recognize an autosomal dominant disorder in a pedigree?

Accepted Answer

Affected individuals always have unaffected parents.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It produces sister chromatids joined at the centromere.

Question 16

A pedigree shows a disorder that affects both males and females, skips generations, and affected individuals often have unaffected parents. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

Question 17

Which of the following is true about human gamete cells?

Accepted Answer

They are haploid and contain 23 chromosomes.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true about the centromere?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where sister chromatids are joined together.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of Werner Syndrome?

Accepted Answer

It is a genetic disorder characterized by premature aging and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.

Question 20

A woman who is a carrier for X-linked hemophilia has a son with a man who does not have hemophilia. What is the probability that her son will have hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Genetics and Chromosome Inheritance: Study Guide

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