Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Law of Segregation as proposed by Mendel?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete receives only one allele of each gene because allele pairs separate during gamete formation.

Question 2

A woman with genotype $$Aa$$ for a trait (where $$A is $$dominant and $$a is $$recessive) has a child with a man who is homozygous recessive ($$aa). $$What is the probability that their child will express the dominant phenotype?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 3

Which of the following scenarios is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A child with one curly hair allele and one straight hair allele has wavy hair.

Question 4

In a dihybrid cross between two individuals heterozygous for both traits ($$AaBb 	imes AaBb$$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio for the offspring, assuming independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why some harmful recessive alleles persist in a population?

Accepted Answer

They are masked by dominant alleles in heterozygotes and do not affect phenotype.

Question 6

A man with blood type $$AB$$ and a woman with blood type $$O$$ have a child. Which blood types are possible for their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 7

Which of the following statements about linked alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Linked alleles are more likely to be inherited together if they are close together on the same chromosome.

Question 8

A pedigree chart shows a recessive trait (such as diabetes) appearing in every other generation. What is the most likely explanation for this pattern?

Accepted Answer

The trait is recessive and can be masked in heterozygous carriers.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes contribute to a single phenotype, resulting in a continuous range of variation.

Question 10

If a child is born with a genetic disorder that neither parent expresses, but both parents are carriers, what is the probability that their next child will also have the disorder? Assume the disorder is autosomal recessive.

Accepted Answer

$$25\%$$

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype influenced by both genetics and environment?

Accepted Answer

Height

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the observable trait.

Question 13

A woman with genotype $$Cc ($$curly hair allele $$C$$, straight hair allele $$c) $$and a man with genotype $$cc ($$straight hair) have a child. What is the probability that the child will have wavy hair if incomplete dominance applies?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

It is always true for genes that are close together on the same chromosome.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of epigenetic modifications?

Accepted Answer

They alter gene expression without changing the DNA sequence.

Question 16

If a gene has three alleles ($$A$$, $$B$$, and $$O) $$and an individual inherits $$A$$ from one parent and $$B$$ from the other, what is the resulting phenotype for blood type?

Accepted Answer

Type AB

Question 17

A genetic counselor is analyzing a pedigree for a family with a history of a recessive disorder. Which genotype would indicate a carrier for the disorder?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with blood type AB expressing both A and B antigens

Question 19

If two genes are located far apart on the same chromosome, what is the most likely outcome during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

They will assort independently due to crossing-over.

Question 20

A couple, both with genotype $$Bb$$ for a trait (where $$B is $$dominant and $$b is $$recessive), are planning to have children. What is the probability that their child will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

$$25\%$$

Genetics & Inheritance: Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Patterns

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