Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Law of Segregation as proposed by Mendel?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete receives only one allele of each gene because alleles separate during gamete formation.

Question 2

A woman with genotype $$Aa$$ for a trait marries a man with genotype $$aa. $$What is the probability that their child will express the dominant phenotype?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 3

Which of the following scenarios is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with genotype $$Cc$$ for hair texture has wavy hair, intermediate between curly ($$cc) $$and straight ($$ss) $$hair.

Question 4

If two heterozygous individuals ($$Aa) $$are crossed, what is the expected ratio of genotypes among their offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1\;AA : 2\;Aa : 1\;aa$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about dominant alleles is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A dominant allele produces its phenotype whether paired with an identical or different allele.

Question 6

A man with blood type $$AB$$ and a woman with blood type $$O$$ have a child. Which blood types are possible for their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why linked alleles are often inherited together?

Accepted Answer

They are located close together on the same chromosome, reducing the likelihood of being separated during crossing-over.

Question 8

A geneticist is studying a trait controlled by three different genes, each with two alleles. Which inheritance pattern is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Polygenic inheritance

Question 9

In a dihybrid cross between two individuals heterozygous for both traits ($$AaBb 	imes AaBb$$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio if the genes assort independently?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype influenced by both genetic and environmental factors?

Accepted Answer

Height, which can be affected by both genes and nutrition

Question 11

A pedigree chart shows a recessive trait (diabetes) appearing in every other generation. What is the most likely genotype of an unaffected individual whose child is diabetic, but whose partner is not diabetic?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous carrier ($$Dd)$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes are distributed to gametes independently, provided the genes are on different chromosomes.

Question 13

A child is born with type O blood. Which of the following parental genotype combinations could produce this outcome?

Accepted Answer

Mother $$AO$$, Father $$BO$$

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of co-dominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with genotype $$AB$$ for blood type expresses both A and B antigens equally.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why identical twins may become more different as they age, despite having the same DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic modifications alter gene expression without changing the DNA sequence.

Question 16

If a woman with genotype $$Ww ($$widow's peak) and $$Ee ($$free earlobes) marries a man with genotype $$ww ($$straight hairline) and $$ee ($$attached earlobes), what is the probability their child will have both dominant traits?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 17

Which of the following statements about alleles is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

An individual can inherit more than two alleles for a single gene.

Question 18

A genetic disorder is caused by a recessive allele. If two parents are both carriers, what is the probability that their child will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$25\%$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes contribute to a single trait, resulting in a continuous range of phenotypes.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a standard method for reporting the outcomes of a Punnett square?

Accepted Answer

Absolute number of chromosomes (e.g., $$46)$$

Genetics and Inheritance: Principles, Patterns, and Applications

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