Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Law of Segregation as proposed by Mendel?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete receives only one allele of each gene because alleles separate during gamete formation.

Question 2

A woman with genotype $$Aa$$ for a trait marries a man with genotype $$aa. $$What is the probability that their child will express the dominant phenotype?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 3

Which of the following scenarios is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with genotype $$BB$$ has curly hair, $$bb$$ has straight hair, and $$Bb$$ has wavy hair.

Question 4

If two individuals with genotype $$AaBb ($$heterozygous for both traits) are crossed, what is the probability that an offspring will be homozygous recessive for both traits?

Accepted Answer

$$\dfrac{1}{16}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why some harmful recessive alleles persist in a population?

Accepted Answer

They are masked by dominant alleles in heterozygotes and do not affect phenotype.

Question 6

A child has type AB blood. Which of the following parental genotype combinations could produce this child?

Accepted Answer

Mother: $$IAIA$$, Father: $$IBIB$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about linked alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Linked alleles are more likely to be inherited together if they are close together on the same chromosome.

Question 8

A pedigree chart shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 9

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes contribute to a single phenotype, resulting in a continuous range of variation.

Question 10

A man with genotype $$Dd ($$carrier for diabetes, a recessive trait) and a woman with genotype $$Dd$$ have a child. What is the probability that their child will be diabetic?

Accepted Answer

$$\dfrac{1}{4}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype influenced by both genetics and environment?

Accepted Answer

Height

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes are distributed to gametes independently if they are on different chromosomes.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about epigenetics?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic modifications can affect gene expression without changing the DNA sequence.

Question 14

A woman with genotype $$Cc ($$curly hair allele is $$C$$, straight hair allele is $$c) $$and a man with genotype $$cc$$ have a child. If curly hair is dominant, what is the probability their child will have curly hair?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a feature of co-dominance?

Accepted Answer

The heterozygote shows a phenotype intermediate between the two homozygotes.

Question 16

If a trait is controlled by a single gene with two alleles, and the dominant allele is rare in the population, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The dominant allele can still be expressed in heterozygotes.

Question 17

In a dihybrid cross between two $$AaBb$$ individuals, what is the expected phenotypic ratio for the dominant and recessive traits if the genes assort independently?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why identical twins may become more different as they age?

Accepted Answer

They accumulate different epigenetic modifications due to environmental influences.

Question 19

A pedigree shows that two unaffected parents have an affected child for a certain trait. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes at the same loci but may have different alleles.

Genetics and Inheritance: Principles, Patterns, and Applications

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