Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Miller-Urey experiment and its significance in the study of the origin of life?

Accepted Answer

It demonstrated that organic molecules could form spontaneously from inorganic precursors under early Earth-like conditions.

Question 2

Radiometric dating is commonly used to determine the age of rocks and fossils. Which equation is used to calculate the age of a sample based on the ratio of parent to daughter isotopes?

Accepted Answer

$$ t = \frac{1}{\lambda} \ln \left(1 + \frac{D}{P} \right) $$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Ability to undergo abiotic synthesis

Question 4

The endosymbiotic theory explains the origin of which cellular structures in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 5

Which event marks the beginning of significant oxygen accumulation in Earth's atmosphere, profoundly affecting the evolution of life?

Accepted Answer

The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis in cyanobacteria

Question 6

Why are fossils more likely to form in sedimentary rock than in igneous rock?

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation of particles, which can bury and preserve organisms.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why abiogenesis does not continue to occur on Earth today as it may have in the past?

Accepted Answer

Modern atmospheric and environmental conditions are oxidizing and contain oxygen, which breaks down organic molecules.

Question 8

Which of the following correctly lists the chronological order of key evolutionary events after the origin of life?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen revolution, eukaryotic cell development, multicellularity, Cambrian explosion, colonization of land

Question 9

Which property of RNA supports the hypothesis that it was the first hereditary material?

Accepted Answer

RNA can act as both a genetic material and a catalyst (ribozyme).

Question 10

A scientist discovers a fossil in a sedimentary rock layer. The ratio of parent isotope to daughter isotope is 1:3. If the half-life of the isotope is 2 million years, what is the approximate age of the fossil?

Accepted Answer

$$ 4 	ext{ million years} $$

Question 11

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of mass extinction?

Accepted Answer

A sudden event causes the disappearance of a large percentage of species across multiple taxa.

Question 12

Which of the following is a major difference between colonial organisms and multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Multicellular organisms have specialized cells that are dependent on one another.

Question 13

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for the repeated evolution of multicellularity in different lineages?

Accepted Answer

Multicellularity provides advantages such as division of labor and increased size, which can evolve independently in different groups.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of abiotic synthesis of organic polymers?

Accepted Answer

Organic monomers polymerize on hot surfaces or in concentrated solutions without biological enzymes.

Question 15

Which of the following environments is LEAST likely to have supported the origin of life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen-rich shallow lakes

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the fossil record is correct?

Accepted Answer

It provides evidence for the diversity and extinction of organisms over time.

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct result of the Cambrian explosion?

Accepted Answer

Rapid diversification of animal body plans

Question 18

Which of the following is a reason why some organisms are more likely to be preserved as fossils than others?

Accepted Answer

Organisms with hard parts such as bones or shells are more likely to fossilize.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the concept of continental drift and its impact on the history of life?

Accepted Answer

Continental drift alters habitats and can lead to speciation and extinction events.

History of Life on Earth (Chapter 25): Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드