Question 1

Which of the following best describes the hierarchy of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule → Cell → Organ → Organism → Population

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new unicellular organism that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 3

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of emergent properties in biology?

Accepted Answer

A group of muscle cells working together in a heart can pump blood, a function not possible by individual cells alone.

Question 4

During mitosis, a cell with 8 chromosomes undergoes cell division. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why genetic variation is important for evolution?

Accepted Answer

It increases the likelihood that some individuals will survive environmental changes.

Question 6

A plant breeder crosses a true-breeding tall pea plant (TT) with a true-breeding short pea plant (tt). According to Mendel's laws, what will be the genotype of all F1 offspring?

Accepted Answer

Tt

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene with two alleles, A and a?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia, a disease caused by a single nucleotide mutation in the hemoglobin gene. Which molecular biology technique would be most appropriate to detect this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) followed by DNA sequencing

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-world example of gene-environment interaction?

Accepted Answer

A person with a genetic predisposition to skin cancer develops the disease after excessive sun exposure.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

Question 11

A biotechnology company wants to produce human insulin using bacteria. Which process allows the insertion of the human insulin gene into bacterial DNA?

Accepted Answer

Gene cloning using recombinant DNA technology

Question 12

Which of the following statements about evolution is correct?

Accepted Answer

Evolution is a change in the genetic composition of a population over time.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics are ineffective against viruses?

Accepted Answer

Viruses do not have the cellular machinery targeted by antibiotics.

Question 14

A population of beetles has the following genotype frequencies: 0.36 (AA), 0.48 (Aa), and 0.16 (aa). What is the frequency of the a allele?

Accepted Answer

$$0.40 + 0.08 = 0.48$$

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a community in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

All the living organisms (plants, animals, fungi, bacteria) in a pond

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the independent assortment of genes during gamete formation?

Accepted Answer

Random alignment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I of meiosis

Question 17

A scientist is studying a newly discovered microbe that can survive in extremely hot, acidic environments. To which group is this organism most likely related?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein.

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct application of biotechnology in society?

Accepted Answer

Producing genetically modified crops resistant to pests

Question 20

A patient receives a bone marrow transplant from a donor. Which biological concept explains why the recipient must have a compatible immune system with the donor?

Accepted Answer

Molecular recognition of self and non-self by immune cells

Introduction to Biological Systems (BIO 100B) – Course Syllabus and Study Guide

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