Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of a control in a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

It is a version of the experiment where all conditions are kept the same except for the independent variable, allowing for comparison.

Question 2

A biologist is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She applies the fertilizer to one group of plants and leaves another group untreated. Which is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The application of the fertilizer.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about scientific theories is correct?

Accepted Answer

A scientific theory is a hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and supported by a large body of evidence.

Question 4

Which reasoning process is primarily used when developing a hypothesis in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning

Question 5

A scientist publishes results showing that a hypothesis was incorrect. Why is this important in the scientific process?

Accepted Answer

It allows others to critique and build upon the work, contributing to scientific progress.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They are always multicellular.

Question 7

Metabolism in living organisms includes both anabolic and catabolic reactions. Which of the following best describes anabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Reactions that build up large molecules from smaller ones.

Question 8

A student observes that all living organisms contain DNA. Which property of DNA makes it a universal code for life?

Accepted Answer

DNA stores hereditary information in a sequence of nucleotides.

Question 9

In an experiment testing the effect of temperature on enzyme activity, which is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

The rate of enzyme activity measured.

Question 10

Which step in the scientific method involves using deductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Designing and conducting experiments to test hypotheses.

Question 11

A biologist is studying a new disease and proposes that it is caused by a virus. What must be true about her hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

It must be testable through experimentation.

Question 12

Which of the following best illustrates the difference between a principle and a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A principle is a hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and accepted as truth.

Question 13

Which equation best represents the total metabolic reactions in a living organism?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism = Anabolic reactions + Catabolic reactions 
$$	ext{Metabolism} = 	ext{Anabolic reactions} + 	ext{Catabolic reactions}$$

Question 14

A scientist conducts several experiments to test a hypothesis. What should she do if the results do not support her hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Develop new hypotheses and continue testing.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration.

Question 16

Why is it important for hypotheses to be testable in scientific research?

Accepted Answer

So that experiments can be designed to support or refute them.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between science and inquiry?

Accepted Answer

Science is based on inquiry, which involves searching for knowledge and explanations related to natural phenomena.

Question 18

A researcher wants to determine if a new drug is effective in treating a disease. She randomly assigns patients to receive either the drug or a placebo. What is the purpose of the placebo group?

Accepted Answer

To serve as a control for comparison with the drug-treated group.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why publishing results, even if a hypothesis is proven wrong, is important in science?

Accepted Answer

It allows others to critically analyze and learn from the findings.

Introduction to Biology: Foundations and Scientific Inquiry

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