Question 1

How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom typically form, and what is the chemical basis for this property?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds because it has 4 valence electrons and needs 4 more to complete its octet.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that breaks a polymer into monomers by adding a water molecule.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major classes of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Question 4

Which type of bond is primarily responsible for maintaining the secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 5

A triglyceride contains fatty acids with double bonds. Which statement best describes this molecule?

Accepted Answer

It is an unsaturated fat and likely liquid at room temperature.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a hydrocarbon?

Accepted Answer

A molecule composed only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Question 7

Which process is responsible for the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 8

Which of the following correctly represents the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$$

Question 9

Which level of protein structure is defined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 10

Which type of bond is responsible for linking nucleotides together in a DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 11

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

Forming a disaccharide from two monosaccharides by removing a water molecule.

Question 13

Which of the following bonds is found in the primary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bonds

Question 14

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 15

A patient is found to have a mutation that affects the tertiary structure of a protein. Which type of interaction is most likely disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Interactions between R groups, such as hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bridges

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of quaternary protein structure?

Accepted Answer

The association of multiple polypeptide chains into a functional protein complex.

Question 17

Which type of bond is responsible for holding together the two strands of the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a polymer and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Starch and glucose

Question 19

A scientist wants to break down a polysaccharide into its monomers. Which reaction should they use?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

The double bonds create kinks in the fatty acid chains, preventing tight packing.

Macromolecules and Biochemical Principles in General Biology

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