$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow \text{protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose sugar?

Accepted Answer

Aldose sugars have a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon skeleton, while ketose sugars have it within the carbon chain.

Question 2

Which equation represents the general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_{n}$$

Question 3

A dehydration reaction is crucial in the formation of which biological macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 4

Which process breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 5

Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide found in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 6

A triglyceride is formed by the joining of which molecules?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol

Question 7

Which type of fatty acid contains one or more double bonds?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids

Question 8

Phospholipids are essential for cell membrane structure because:

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer with hydrophobic tails facing inward and hydrophilic heads facing outward.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

Question 10

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 11

A change in the primary structure of hemoglobin can result in which disease?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell disease

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 13

Which of the following correctly pairs a nitrogenous base with its category?

Accepted Answer

Guanine - Purine

Question 14

Which statement best explains why DNA is more stable than RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, which lacks a hydroxyl group at the 2' carbon, making it less reactive.

Question 15

Which process describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA ightarrow RNA ightarrow 	ext{protein}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a polymer of nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 17

Which bond is formed between two amino acids in a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 18

Which of the following is true about quaternary protein structure?

Accepted Answer

It involves interactions between multiple polypeptide chains.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of denaturation in proteins?

Accepted Answer

Loss of enzyme activity in high fevers

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of phospholipids in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids form a bilayer with hydrophobic tails facing each other and hydrophilic heads facing the aqueous environment.

Macromolecules and Their Biological Roles: General Biology Study Notes

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