Question 1

Which of the following best describes the type of covalent bond that links two monosaccharides together to form a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the structure of their cell membranes, making them less flexible. Which macromolecule is most likely to be directly involved in this defect?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a correct pairing of macromolecule and its monomer or subunit?

Accepted Answer

Lipid – Nucleotide

Question 4

A dehydration reaction between two amino acids results in the formation of which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are not made from identical or similar monomers linked in a chain.

Question 6

A scientist is analyzing a molecule with the following structure: a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R group. This molecule is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of polysaccharides in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy storage and structural support

Question 8

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing biochemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 9

A DNA molecule is composed of two strands held together by hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases. The backbone of each strand is formed by which type of covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester linkage

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_n\mathrm{H}_{2n}\mathrm{O}_n$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct match between a macromolecule and a specific example of its function?

Accepted Answer

Proteins – transport oxygen in blood

Question 12

A mutation causes a cell to be unable to form phosphodiester linkages. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

DNA and RNA polymerization

Question 13

Which of the following statements about triglycerides is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule.

Question 14

A researcher discovers a molecule with a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. This molecule is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why waxes are important for plants?

Accepted Answer

They prevent water loss from leaves.

Question 16

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its primary elements?

Accepted Answer

Proteins – C, H, O, N (S)

Question 17

A person is unable to digest lactose due to a deficiency in the enzyme lactase. Which class of macromolecule is directly involved in this process, and what is the specific bond being broken?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates; glycosidic bond

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting genetic information

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process by which a peptide bond is formed?

Accepted Answer

A dehydration synthesis reaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a high concentration of glycogen. Which of the following best explains the likely function of this molecule in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It stores energy for later use.

Macromolecules: Structure, Function, and Biological Importance

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