Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a gene and a locus?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a specific sequence of DNA that codes for a trait, while a locus is the physical location of a gene on a chromosome.

Question 2

In humans, how many possible combinations of chromosomes can result from independent assortment during gamete formation? Use $$n = 23$$ for the haploid number.

Accepted Answer

More than $$8$$ million, calculated as $$2^{23}$$

Question 3

Which process is responsible for the separation of homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I of meiosis

Question 4

A cell with $$2n = 46$$ chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each resulting gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 5

Which of the following events occurs only during prophase I of meiosis and not during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Synapsis and crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 6

Why are the chromosomes of privet shrubs and humans, both with $$2n = 46$$, so different in their effects?

Accepted Answer

The two species have appreciably different genes.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why genetic variation is important for evolution?

Accepted Answer

Genetic variation provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon.

Question 8

In which phase of meiosis does the release of cohesin at the centromeres allow sister chromatids to separate?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase II

Question 9

Which of the following is a direct result of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Recombinant chromosomes with DNA from both parents

Question 10

A plant species exhibits alternation of generations. Which stage is diploid and produces spores by meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Sporophyte

Question 11

Which of the following statements about gametes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gametes are haploid cells produced by meiosis.

Question 12

Which mechanism contributes most directly to the genetic uniqueness of each zygote?

Accepted Answer

Random fertilization

Question 13

Why is it more practical to prepare karyotypes by viewing somatic diploid cells rather than haploid gametes?

Accepted Answer

Both sets of chromosomes, which are present in somatic diploid cells, need to be examined.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the outcome of meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

Separation of sister chromatids into four genetically distinct haploid cells

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that contributes to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Replication of chromosomes during interphase

Question 16

In which type of organism is the only diploid stage the single-celled zygote, with no multicellular diploid stage?

Accepted Answer

Most fungi and some protists

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why haploid cells cannot undergo meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes cannot pair.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the products of meiosis compared to mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis produces four genetically distinct haploid cells, while mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells.

Question 19

During which stage of meiosis does independent assortment of chromosomes occur?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase I

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the human sexual life cycle?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis → Gametes → Fertilization → Zygote → Mitosis → Adult

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles: Mechanisms of Inheritance and Genetic Variation

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